Helicopter Boeing CH-47 Chinook

ฮ.ชินุก

ที่มา  :  masterOK.livejournal.com

Anyone interested in the topic Aviation may remember our last aircraft positions. And today I saw on the internet debate and discussion of the Indian tender between the "Chinook" and Mi-26 and decided to examine it more closely. And then we'll see on our Mi-26, compare and find the reason for this decision or the communication in the media:-)

Boeing CH-47 "Chinook" (English. Boeing CH-47 Chinook) - American heavy military transport helicopter of the longitudinal scheme. In March 1959, the command of the United States Army, having considered the proposals from five American helicopter companies chose Boeing Vertol Model 114 as the most suitable to the requirements of the promising army transport helicopter. It should be an all-weather, have a rear cargo door, lift up to 1814 kg of cargo or in the cabin to 7258 kg on external sling, to take on board at least 40 commandos in full gear and weapons, to be able to carry any of the elements of the missile system, Martin Marietta Pershing as well as to be adapted to evacuate the wounded.
In June, 1959, was granted a contract to build five pre YHC-1B, which, after entering the army was renamed YCH-47A Chinook.



Model 114 is the actual enlarged and more powerful version designed by the same company helicopter Model 107, differing Four instead of tricycle landing gear, a fully sealed throughout the length of the bottom of the fuselage and the presence of sag on both sides - thereby managed to secure the buoyancy of the machine and the ability to pick up and takeoff from the water surface. YHC-1B first flew on 21 September 1961, by which time the company-developer has already received its first contract for the supply of batches of serial CH-47A.

As the power plant were selected two engine LycomingT55-L-5 capacity of 2200 liters. s, later replaced by the model T55-L-7 capacity 2650 liters. s. Supply CH-47A launched in August 1962, only 354 helicopters have been ordered.





To date, the basic model is designed and built a whole family of helicopters Chinook. The first of these was the CH-47B, was distinguished by two engines T55-L-7C capacity of 2850 liters. s, rotors with blades with larger and improved profile chord, and also having several other improvements. The first of two prototypes flew in October 1966, and deliveries began May 10, 1967. Total delivered 108 helicopters of this modification. The next member of the family became CH-47C (export designation Model 234 or Model 414), which had engines T55-L-1A 1 capacity 3750 liters. with a reinforced transmission and increased fuel. The first car went up in the air October 14, 1967, providing the customer started in early 1968. Delivered 270 such helicopters, of which 182 were later upgraded by installing more resistant to damage the fuel system and composite rotor blades. Nine of these machines were built by order of the Canadian Forces and received the designation CH-147 (deliveries started in September 1974).





During the Vietnam War were released four ACH-47A, represents a CH-47A book cabin crew and vital parts of the helicopter, as well as the weapon system from 40-mm automatic grenade launcher M5 set in the bow on a rotating turret, and placed on the pylons 20-mm cannon and 7.62 mm machine gun or a block of 19 rockets. In addition, in the cabin - on the sides and at the rear of - located five turrets with 7.62mm or 12.7mm machine guns. Three of these helicopters were widely used for the benefit of special operations forces in Vietnam, but the further development of the program has not received. Chinook helicopters of the family are still major in the American Army, and the available armed helicopters modifications CH-47A, CH-47B, and CH-47C repeatedly passed modernization. In particular, within the framework of a program designed to extend the life and capacity of these helicopters, one of the cars of all three modifications were subjected to overhaul and upgrade - they became the prototype of a new modification of CH-47D. The first of three prototypes flew on May 11, 1979, and the first production CH-47D - 26 February 1982. The new model is equipped with more powerful engines T55-L-712 with capacity of 4500 liters. s, were introduced more than a dozen enhancements - enhanced transmission, installed new rotors and auxiliary power unit, improved electrical and hydraulic equipment and systems in-flight refueling, as well as strengthened airframe. The company "Boeing" has received a contract worth more than $ 3.5 billion to modernize the 472 previously built helicopters, the first modernized helicopter delivered to the customer in May 1982.







RAF ordered 33 helicopters under the designation Chinook HC.Mk 1, which were built according to the Canadian CH-147, but received British avionics and other equipment. Later they upgraded to a standard Chinook HC.Mk 1B. The first helicopter delivered to the customer in August 1980, and then they park in the UK has been brought up to 41 cars. The next step is to modernize British helicopters up to the standard Chinook HC.Mk 1 A, and 32 cars later upgraded to version Chinook HC.Mk 2 (similar to the American CH-47D), including through the installation of engines T55-L-712F. Additionally, the British military ordered 17 helicopters, two Chinook HC.Mk 2, four Chinook HC.Mk 2A, the other to modify Chinook HC.Mk 3, similar to that used by Special Operations Forces U.S. Armed Forces helicopter MH-47E. However, the last modification of the machine into operation immediately have not got - because of the problems encountered with avionics put their warehousing, but in 2008 started the conversion option in HC.Mk 2 / 2A (first delivery is scheduled for 2010). In 1970 started the construction of a licensed Chinook helicopters in Italy - they were delivered to European and Middle Eastern customers, the right to issue their acquired company "Elicotteri Meridionali". In July 2008, the license was transferred to the company's "AgustaWestland" - for the Italian army, it must collect upgraded CH-47F.
The export version of the helicopter was manufactured by "Boeing Vertol" (then "Boeing Helicopters", later - a "Boeing") under the designation CH-47D International Chinook (Model 414-100), and more recently, the company focused on the issue of helicopters modified CH-47F .






In addition to Canada and the UK, this family of helicopters purchased at different times, Argentina, Australia, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Italy (CH-47C Plus), Japan (CH-47J, licensed assembly company "Kawasaki"), Libya, Morocco, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, and Thailand. Summer of 1978, the company "Boeing" has announced the development of civil variant Chinook, planned two basic modifications: Model 234LR (Long Range) passenger, "combi" or cargo versions, as well as Model 234UT (Utility Transport) for special tasks, such as a mineral exploration and oversize cargo transportation, or construction and installation works. Was later released helicopter Model 234ER (Extended Range) with additional fuel tanks installed in the cabin.




Model 234LR program was launched in November 1978, after signing with the "British Airways Helicopters" for three cars (later extended to six order), which was supposed to use for the carriage of passengers and emergency supplies from Scotland on marine oil platforms. In the passenger version of such a helicopter could take up to 44 people. Civilian vehicles mounted engines Avco Lycoming AL 5512, and in an emergency situation, both rotors could work on one engine. In the fade of the fuselage had additional fuel tanks of large capacity. These nodules provide helicopter good enough buoyancy.
First Model 234LR flew on August 19, 1980, in the test program were also involved two helicopters, and commissioned the first car arrived July 1, 1981.





Chinook helicopters families often converted for various tasks in the interests of special operations forces. So, at the beginning of the 1990s, "Boeing" has released 26 engined T55-L-714 helicopters MH-47E for the United States Army Special Forces, where they worked closely with the converted serial machines CH-47D SOA (Special Operations Aircraft) and MH -47D SOA. Helicopters had reservations, offensive and defensive weapons, extra fuel system and in-flight refueling. Car also got the latest avionics, electronic warfare systems and all-weather navigation systems (including night vision goggles, infrared camera forward looking, inertial navigation system with GPS receiver and radar APQ-174).






Since the late 1990s, "Boeing" led work to equip the helicopter CH-47F engine capacity of 5000 liters. s, new rotors, high-capacity fuel tanks and new avionics. The first flight of the new machine is made on 25 June 2001, it had engines Honeywell T55-714A - 25% more processing power compared to engine helicopter CH-47D. It is assumed that the United States Army will buy 513 new cars modification - of which 452 will be new, and the rest of the modernized existing in service. Last received the designation MH-47G. The first unit was fully rearmed to modify the CH-47F in July 2007, and by the middle of next year, the developer has received orders from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. Interest in the helicopter showed Turkey and India.





"Boeing" has also developed a modernized version of the HH-47 in response to the requirements issued by the United States Air Force for a new helicopter to replace its fleet of MH-53M Pave Low (program CSAR-X). The proposal was sent to the command of the Air Force in November 2005 and in November 2006, "Boeing" has been declared the winner of the tender for prospective helicopter. Rivals "Boeing" is a variant on the basis of the S-92 of "US101" and helicopter development "Lockheed Martin". These companies have filed a protest, not agreeing with the results of the tender, - in the end in November 2007, the USAF was forced to re-declare their requirements for a prospective car and as of August 2009, the decision on the choice of a helicopter was not announced. In August 2007, representatives of the "Boeing" announced a plan to establish a larger version of the CH-47F, which will differ increased range and payload capacity. Running this program can be done as early as 2010.






In 2011, the United States Army and the American Boeing aircraft manufacturing concern began to develop requirements for the upgraded version of the heavy military transport helicopter CH-47 Chinook, according to Flightglobal. As expected, the preliminary list of requirements can be made as early as 2011. In 2019 Boeing will deliver the last of the United States Army ordered CH-47G, after the production lines will need to either close or refocus on the production of new cars.
There are three options for further modernization of the helicopter platform used by the American military since 1962. The first version, developed by the Army and Boeing together, implies a slight modification and systems on board the helicopter. Furthermore, the machine capacity can be increased from 12 to 13 tons. This does not have to make any changes in the design of propellers, any helicopter propulsion.






Army of the United States declined for the second option, which would increase the carrying capacity by 30 per cent - the maximum take-off weight of the modernized Chinook was 29.5 tonnes compared to the current 22.7 tons. This would involve reviewing the design of propellers, as well as to establish new helicopter engines with shaft horsepower at 7,500 horsepower. Currently, the CH-47 turboshaft engines are Honeywell T55-GA-712 shaft horsepower at 4868 horsepower. The third option offers Boeing. Within this embodiment, the modernization housing width can be increased. In addition, it is expected revision of designs of screws and installation of more powerful engines. Due to this the helicopter maximum takeoff weight will increase by 50 percent to 34 tons. Truth in this case will be broken one of the requirements for the transport helicopters - CH-47 should be placed in the cargo compartment of a military transport plane C-17 Globemaster III.






Concern Boeing offered a slightly modified version of the modernization of a CH-47 Ministry of Defence of Germany. Together with the European company Eurocopter Boeing plans to sell to the German military authorities Chinook transport helicopters with a wider body and a payload of 33 tons. Currently looking for a new heavy transport helicopter is also engaged in the French Defense Ministry.
CH-47 Chinook is capable of speeds up to 315 kilometers per hour and fly at a distance of 741 kilometers. The helicopter is designed to carry 55 paratroopers or 24 stretchers with wounded pair and three doctors, or ten tons of cargo (for CH-47F / G - 12 tons).




During the service the British Chinook helicopters have gone through many wars. These machines have been widely used as a part of the British contingent in Germany. In 1982, Chinook HC.Mk 1 received a baptism of fire, providing action of the British Expeditionary Force during the conflict with Argentina over the Falkland Islands. Three of them died on board a container ship "Atlantic Conveyor", affected the Argentine ASM "Exocet". During "Operation Desert Storm" in addition to transportation problems involved helicopters for Action Force special operations. To do this, a few cars got experimental "night camouflage", a satellite communication system and on-board service. After the end of hostilities in Chinook-act to provide humanitarian assistance to Kurdish tribes. During the conflict in Bosnia six modernized HC.Mk 2 receiving broneza-shield and airborne defense, provided the action of the 27th Airmobile Brigade. Two helicopters of the 7th Squadron RAF flying in extremely Srpska under the UN flag, and in June 1999, eight cars took part in the operations of NATO troops in Kosovo. Since 2003, a-new combat mission for the British transport Vertol-ing was to ensure operations of the troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, where they are used in the present time.




Armchair commander is located on the starboard side, the co-pilot-in from the left. In the passage is a folding seat third crew member. Like all RAF helicopters and army aviation, Chinook HC.Mkl equipped with a navigation system Decca. Cabs some helicopters have been adapted for the BBC crew actions in the night-vision goggles. One of them - with on-board notation BN (Bravo November) - during the Falklands conflict escaped death on board a converted container in air transport "Atlantic Conveyor" to the end of the war carried out in the interests of transport British troops.





The first entered service with the RAF Chinook HC.Mkl helicopters equipped with metal blades rotors and turboshaft engines Textron Lycoming T55-L-11E. The modernization of engines installed on helicopters T55-L-712 with a capacity of 3750 LE, designed to modify the CH-47D (HC.Mk 2) and a new fire suppression system. Rotor blades were replaced with carbon-plastic with titanium leading edge, increasing to 64 cm (12.5 cm) chord and increased up to 3000 hours the resource, thus significantly reducing the cost of operating the machines.






The helicopter is equipped with a fixed landing gear Four. All racks are equipped with oil-pneumatic shock absorption. Tire pressure of about 6 atm. Twin wheels front struts are equipped with single disc hydraulic brakes. When necessary, you can install removable ski.
Winch
On the starboard side of the helicopter above the door of the cargo compartment can be mounted winch with hydraulic drive. Rotors throw down a powerful stream of air, and freeze is usually done at a fairly high altitude. Over the sea, this operation is rarely practiced in order to prevent corrosion of the machine.
Fueling point
Helicopter refueling fuel can be carried out through the filler cap individual tank and located across from the starboard side node centralized refueling. This design of the fuel system allows both general and selective filling the tanks of the machine.






The helicopter is equipped with three cargo locks, which greatly improves its ability to transport of goods. Average lock is basic and is designed for a load of 11,300 kg, which allows you to carry on the external load even FH-70 howitzer. Front and rear locks, designed for a maximum load of about 9000 kg each, can be used either separately or together. In the latter case, the machine is able to raise the standard freight container, or even another Chinook. Although, if you remember in Afghanistan, Russian Mi-26 is not just evacuated and lined with broken helicopters Chinook:-)








Fuselage The all-metal, semi-monocoque construction, with a rectangular cross-section with rounded corners; has a two-seat cockpit, each side of which are discharged emergency doors and cargo compartment volume of 41.7m3, in which there are 44 seats (33 main and 11 additional, along the central aisle), back to the cargo door, flip-flap which forms a loading ramp equipped, three folding sections and compartments pylons rotors. The cargo compartment with dimensions of 9.19 x 2.29 x 1.98m and a floor area of ​​21m2 is on the right side of the large sliding door to the size of 1.68 x 0.9m and an additional emergency escape hatches cabin. The cargo compartment and the cabin crew are connected passage. В санитарном варианте в кабине могут размещаться 24 раненых на носилках и 2 сопровождающих санитара, в пассажирском варианте устанавливаются сиденья для 44 пассажиров, по 4 в ряд с центральным проходом. Для перевозки грузов на внешней подвеске под фюзеляжем имеется центральный грузовой крюк, рассчитанный на усилие 11970кг, и передний и задний грузовые крюки на 7140кг каждый.





Несущие винты
Трехлопастные, с шарнирным креплением лопастей, вращающиеся в противоположных направлениях. Лопасти прямоугольной формы в плане площадью 7.43м2 каждая и хордой 0.81м. D-образный лонжерон лопасти выполнен из стеклопластика на эпоксидной основе, с оковкой носка из титановых и никелевых сплавов, хвостовые отсеки также выполнены из стеклопластика с заполнителем из номекса. В носке лопасти установлены противовесы, в лонжероне также устанавливают заменяемые противовесы из вольфрама – для регулировки конусности. Лопасти имеют усовершенствованный аэродинамический профиль VR-7 (а на лицевой части, где достигается скорость обтекания, соответствующая числу М=0.85 – профиль VR-8) и линейную крутку -12. Предусмотрена установка противообледенительной системы на лопастях. Окружная скорость концов лопастей 215м/с.






Электросистема состоит из двух автономных цепей, питание которых обеспечивается двумя генераторами переменного тока (40 кВА) с воздушным охлаждением, приводимых от центрального редуктора.






Радиоэлектронное оборудование стандартное, включает УКВ-радиостанцию АРС-164 дециметрового диапазона с AM; СПУ С-6533; систему опознавания “свой-чужой” Бендикс АРХ-100, всенаправленный УКВ-маяк ARM-123, радиовысотомер ARN-209, радиокомпас ARN-89B; стандартные пилотажные приборы включают указатель горизонтального положения AQV-6A. Гидравлическая система модульной конструкции обеспечивает работу гидроусилителей системы управления, тормозной системы шасси и несущего винта. Давление в гидравлической системе управления составляет 20МПа, скорость протекания смеси 53л/мин, имеется сферический резервуар емкостью 5.32л с давлением 0.17МПа. В гидравлической системе общего назначения давление составляет 23МПа, скорость протекания смеси 51.5л/мин, имеется поршневой гидравлический резевуар объемом около 7л с давлением 0.39МПа.
Система управления бустерная, усовершенствованная, фирмы “Хануиэлл”, обеспечивающая выдерживание положения и скорости полета вертолета, а также выбор и выдерживание курса и высоты полета; включает гидроусилители и систему стабилизации.


















15 октября 2009 Подбитый недалеко от Кандагара «Чинук» был эвакуирован на внешней подвеске вертолетом Ми-26, принадлежащим компании Вертикаль-Т
Авиакатастрофа вертолёта НАТО 6 августа 2011 года: 6 августа 2011 года в Афганистане во время операции против боевиков в провинции Вардак, к юго-западу от Кабула транспортный вертолет был сбит ракетой (по другой информации — выстрелом из гранатомета). Жертвами крушения вертолета международных сил стали 38 человек, в их числе 30 военнослужащих США, бойцы афганского спецназа, военные авиадиспетчеры, гражданский переводчик и кинолог с собакой.
Указывают, что это самая крупная единовременная потеря американских войск за время афганской войны. Президент США Барак Обама на военной базе в Довере лично принял участие в церемонии прощания с тридцатью американскими военнослужащими, находившимися на борту вертолета.